What group of pesticides includes many highly toxic substances containing phosphorus?

The group of pesticides known as Organophosphates includes many substances that are highly toxic and are characterized by the presence of phosphorus in their chemical structure. These pesticides work by inhibiting an enzyme called acetylcholinesterase, which is crucial for the proper functioning of the nervous system in both insects and humans. The toxicity of organophosphates is a significant concern, particularly for those who handle them, as exposure can lead to serious health issues.

In contrast, carbamates, while also capable of affecting the nervous system, have a different chemical structure and mechanism of action. Pyrethroids are synthetic compounds modeled after natural pyrethrins and are generally less toxic to humans and pets, primarily affecting insects. Herbicides are designed to control unwanted vegetation and typically do not contain phosphorus in the same way organophosphates do nor pose the same level of toxicity related to nervous system disruption.

Thus, when considering the group of pesticides noted for containing highly toxic phosphorus, organophosphates stand out due to their specific effects on neurobiology and their associated health risks.